Voici un petit récapitulatif sur le discours indirect, si cela vous pose encore des problèmes:
1- Pensez à décaler les temps dans le passé quand le discours est rapporté à l’aide d’un verbe au prétérit :
“I am here!”, he said. Présent simple
He said that he was there. Prétérit simple
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“I am leaving now”, he said. Présent en be+ing.
He said he was leaving then. Prétérit en be+ing.
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“I will come tomorrow”, he said. Futur.
He said he would come the following day. Conditionnel.
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“I have seen her this morning”, he said. Présent perfect.
He said that he had seen her that morning. Pluperfect.
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“Don’t be shy!”, he said. Impératif.
He told her not to be shy. Infinitif.
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“ You may leave”, he said. Modal.
He said he might leave. Forme prétérit du modal.
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“You must do your homework”, he said. Must qui indique une obligation.
He said I must / had to do my homework. On garde ‘must’ ou on utilise son équivalent ‘have to’ au prétérit.
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“He must be rich”, he said. Le modal ‘must’ sert à faire une hypothèse.
He said he must be rich. On garde ‘must’.
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“They came last week”, he said. Prétérit.
He said they had come the week before. Pluperfect.
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4 exceptions pour lesquelles le prétérit ne se transforme pas en pluperfect:
– Quand on a un verbe d’état :
“I was ill two days ago”, he said.
He said he was ill two days before.
– Avec le prétérit modal/ prétérit de l’irréel:
“If you came tomorrow, I would be very happy”, he said.
He said that he would be very happy if I came the following day.
– Dans les subordonnées de temps (après when, until, as soon as, once…)
“When I was young, I was very talkative”, he said.
He said that he was very talkative when he was young. (subordonnée de temps + verbe d’état).
– Avec les habitudes (avec often) :
“I often went to London when I lived in England”, he said.
He said he often went to London when he lived in England. (habitude + subordonnée de temps)
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2- Les marqueurs de temps et de lieu changent (en bleu dans les exemples précédents + voir le cours)
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3- Les pronoms personnels, les adjectifs et pronoms possessifs changent:
He told her: « You will be late! »
He told her she would be late.
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4- Pour introduire le discours, vous avez le choix entre de très nombreux verbes. Pensez à varier ces verbes. Attention, certains verbes ont une construction particulière (verbes prépositionnels, verbes suivis de ‘to’)
« I am sorry I’m late », he said.
He apologized for being late.
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Dans les questions directes, on a une inversion: auxiliaire + sujet + verbe. Au discours indirect, cette inversion disparait, on a alors le sujet (+ l’auxiliaire) + le verbe.
« Where do you live? » he asked me.
He asked me where I lived. (le présent devient du prétérit, l’inversion disparait donc on a ‘sujet’ + ‘verbe’
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Pour les Yes/ No questions, on rajoute ‘if’ ou son synonyme ‘whether’:
« Will you come tomorrow? », he asked me.
He asked me if / whether I would come the following day.
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Vous pouvez trouver des exercices sur le discours indirect à la fin du manuel p.240
photo credit: quinn.anya
