USB Type-C (jusqu’à la min. 3:01)
Je n’étais pas certaine a priori de la fiabilité absolue de la chaîne Techquickies, mais le contenu de cette vidéo correspond en tout cas aux articles que j’ai pu lire sur le sujet (voir liens à la fin du texte, ci-dessous); et la présentation fantaisiste peut rendre la compréhension plus difficile, mais aussi le travail moins fastidieux ?
Vous recevrez la transcription la semaine prochaine.
Pour un rappel sur l’USB 3.0, vous pourriez regarder cette vidéo de la chaîne ExplainingComputers (Christopher Barnatt)
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Pour ceux qui l’ont égaré, revoici le texte :
- (12/60) Texte non vu : USB news
With an estimated six billion in use around the world today, the USB port is the most successful computer interface ever invented.
Ajay Bhatt, a computer architect at Intel, was the first to come up with the idea of a universal port for attaching peripherals to a personal computer. USB was designed in the mid-1990s by a coalition of companies including Intel, IBM and Microsoft, and it quickly became the standard connector for attaching keyboards, printers, scanners, pointing devices and video cameras. In so doing, it displaced multiple connector types, including the parallel and serial ports on PCs.
The most familiar application remains the ubiquitous 1 “thumb drive” 2, with its non-volatile memory built into the USB plug itself. When they hit the market over a decade ago, thumb drives quickly killed off floppy disks. Today, with gigabyte memory chips inside them, they are even challenging optical drives.
The original USB 1.0 could transmit 12 megabits per second. With the introduction of USB 2.0 in 2001, the data rate jumped to 480 megabits per second, and then increased a further ten-fold to 4.8 gigabits per second with the introduction of the USB 3.0 standard in 2008. More recently, an extension to the standard has raised the data rate to 10 gigabits per second.
Electrical revolution (The Economist, Oct 19th 2013)
USB ports can supply power to connected devices – up to ten watts on the existing standard. Like many other data cables, a USB cable has a different shaped plug at either end (more on this below). This ensures that power can flow in one direction only and so prevents delicate equipment from being overloaded electrically and damaged.
Ajay Bhatt did not really think about power when he invented USB. The USB connection’s chief role was to help computers and devices negotiate and communicate. Yet 3 USB charging is now the default for phones, e-readers and other small gadgets. Some mobile-phone manufacturers are already shipping their products without a power adaptor.
The big change next year will be a new USB Power Delivery standard, USB Power Delivery v2.0, which brings up to 100 watts. That could presage a much bigger shift 4, to direct current (DC) as the preferred way to power the growing number of low-voltage devices in homes and offices. AC is turned into the direct current required to power electronic equipment via a mains 5 adaptor. These ubiquitous little black boxes are now cheap and light. But they are often inefficient, turning power into heat. And they are dumb 6 : they run night and day, regardless of whether the price of electricity is high or low. It would be better to have a DC network for all electronic devices in a home or office.
This is where USB cables come in. They carry direct current and also data. That means they can help set priorities between devices that are providing power and those that are consuming it: for example, a laptop that is charging a mobile phone. “The computer can say ‘I need to start the hard disk now, so no charging for the next ten seconds’,” says Mr Bhatt. The new standard, with variable voltage and greater power, enlarges the possibilities.
So does another new feature: that power can flow in any direction. This brings another advantage. A low-voltage DC network works well with solar panels. These produce DC power at variable times and in variable amounts. Though solar power is tricky 7 to feed into the AC mains grid, it is ideally suitable for a low-voltage local DC network. When the sun is shining 8, it can help charge all your laptops, phones and other battery-powered devices.
USB 3.1 and Type-C: The only stuff at CES ** that everyone is going to use
Many products shown at CES may not see the light of day for years, if ever. However, we can be sure that one product shown off this year will be coming to market: the USB Type-C connector and the accompanying USB 3.1 standard.
The USB 3.1 specification (« USB SuperSpeed+ ») was released in July 2013, introducing a faster, 10 Gbit/s transfer mode. The new Type-C connector was announced in December 2013 and was demonstrated at CES 2015.
Before you can understand USB Type-C, you need to know the difference between USB Type-A and Type-B. On a typical USB cable, the Type-A connector is the end that goes into a host, such as a computer. * The Type-B connector is the other end of a standard USB cable that plugs into peripheral device. Since the peripheral devices vary a great deal in shape and size, the Type-B connector and its respective port also come in many different designs.
Physically, the Type-C port and connector is about the same size as the Micro-USB used by the latest tablets and smartphones. This means it’s small enough to work for even the smallest peripheral devices. With Type-C, both ends of a USB cable will be the same. You also don’t need to worry about plugging it in upside down.
Type-C USB will support USB 3.1 and has much high power output of up to 20V (100W) and 5A. Considering most 15-inch notebook computers require just around 60W of power, this means in the future laptop computers can be charged the way tablets and smartphones are now.
Products using either the Type-C connector, the USB 3.1 spec, or both were demonstrated at CES 2015 —there is the Nokia N1 Android tablet on the mobile side, and MSI’s new USB 3.1 laptop and motherboard on the PC side. By the end of the year, we expect to see more mainstream products taking up the standard as well.
It will take a few years for Type-C to become as popular as the current Type-A, but when it does it will simplify the way we work with devices. There will be just one tiny 9 cable needed for any device, for both data and power connections.
* Different USB versions including USB 1.1, USB 2.0, USB 3.0 currently share the same USB Type-A design. That means a Type-A connector is always compatible with a Type-A port even if the device and host use different USB versions. For example, a USB 3.0 external hard drive also works with a USB 2.0 port, and vice versa. Though USB 3.0’s connectors and ports have more pins than those of USB 2.0 versions to deliver faster speed and higher power output, these pins are organized in a way that doesn’t prevent them from physically working with the older version.
** The Consumer Electronics Show (CES), is an internationally renowned electronics and technology trade show (= salon) attracting major companies and industry professionals worldwide. The annual show is held each January in Las Vegas, United States. Not open to the public, the show typically hosts (= accueillir, être le cadre de) previews of products and new product announcements. (Wikipedia)
Vocabulary
- = found everywhere
- clé USB
- = however
- = change
- secteur (réseau électrique)
- = stupid
- = difficult
- briller
- = very small
Compiled from :
- Reversible USB Type-C finally on its way, alongside USB 3.1’s 10Gbit performance (ExtremeTech, January 9, 2015)
- USB 3.1 and Type-C : the only stuff at CES that everyone is going to use (Ars Technica, January 9, 2015)
- USB Type-C hands-on: It’s here and it’s great (cnet, January 5, 2015)
- USB Type-C : one cable to connect them all (cnet, August 22, 2014)
- In praise of the humble USB (The Economist online edition, Jul 13th 2014)
- Edison’s revenge (The Economist, Oct 19th 2013)
- USB : How it works (Computer Shopper, June 2010)
NB : Les 4 premiers paragraphes constituent une introduction et leur contenu ne doit pas être repris dans votre synthèse.
De même, les 2 derniers paragraphes (précédés respectivement de * et **) représentent un complément d’information, qui ne doit pas être synthétisé.
