Auteur/autrice : brandonsn

Lee De Forest was the « creator of electronics ».

It started with the creation of the triode in 1907.

Its name is Audion.

What is it composed of ?

It is composed of :

• the first triode (= a grid is placed between the anode and the cathode of a diode lamp)
• and a vacuum tube causing amplification of an electrical signal.

What is it used for ?

This is the first invention that can amplify an electronic device.

Why was it  created ?

It allowed to create talking pictures, the radio and later, the computer science. It will also allow  improvements in the field of the telephone communications (the amplification of the signal will be more important and without distortion effect).

They are used in preamplifiers and in amplifiers (for power)…

What’s in the lamp ?

In the lamp, there is a filament (cathode) under a grid (= grille). The grid is under a plate (anode). They are all in a glass enclosure.

Brandon

1950s

1951 : LEO I (Lyons Electronic Office) 1, the commercial development of the EDSAC computer, supported by the British firm J. Lyons and Co.

1954 : The MIT operating system for UNIVAC 11032

1955 : The General Motors operating system for the IBM (= International Business Machines) 7013

1956 : GM-NAA I / O for the IBM 704, this system was based on the General Motors operating system for the IBM 701

1957 : Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University)
BESYS (Bell Labs), for the IBM 7090 and IBM 7094

1958 : University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090

1959 : SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I / O

1960s

1961 : CTSS
1962 : GCOS
1964 : EXEC 8, OS / 360 (announced), TOPS-10
1965 : Multics (announced), OS / 360 (available), Tape Operating System (TOS)
1966 : DOS / 360 (IBM), MS / 8
1967 :  ACP (IBM), CP / CMS, ITS, WAITS
1969 : TENEX, Unix

1970s

1970 :  DOS / BATCH 11 (PDP-11)
1971 :  OS / 8
1972 : MFT, MVT, RDOS, SVS, VM / CMS
1973 :  Alto OS, RSX-11D, RT-11, VME
1974 :  MVS (MVS / XA)
1976 : CP / M, TOPS-20
1978 : Apple DOS 3.1 (first Apple OS), Tripos, VMS, Lisp machine (CADR)
1979 : POS

1980s

1980 : IBM S / 38, OS-9, QDOS, SOS, XDE (Tajo) (Xerox Development Environment), Xenix nineteen eighty one, MS-DOS
1982 :  SunOS (1.0), Ultrix
1983 : Lisa OS, Coherent, ProDOS
1984 : AMSDOS, Macintosh OS (System 1.0), QNX, Únicos
1985 : AmigaOS, Atari TOS, MIPS OS, Microsoft Windows 1.0 (first Windows)
1986 : AIX, GS-OS, HP-UX
1987 : Arthur, IRIX (3.0 is the first SGI version), Minix, OS / 2 (1.0), Microsoft Windows 2.0
1988 :  A / UX (Apple Computer), LynxOS, MVS / ESA, OS / 400
1989 : NeXTSTEP (1.0),  RISC OS, SCO Unix (release 3)

1990’s

1990 : AmigaOS 2.0, BeOS (v1), OSF / 1
1991 : Linux 0.01
1992 : 386BSD 0.1, AmigaOS 3.0, Solaris (2.0 is the first to not be called SunOS), Windows 3.1
1993 : Plan 9 (First Edition), FreeBSD, NetBSD, Windows NT 3.1 (first version of NT)
1993 : Linux 1.0
1995 : Digital Unix (aka Tru64), OpenBSD, OS / 390, Windows 95, Linux 1.2
1996 : Windows NT 4.0, Linux 2.0
1997 : Inferno, Mac OS 7.6 (first officially named Mac OS version), SkyOS
1998 : Windows 98
1999 : AROS (Boot for the first time in Stand Alone version), Mac OS 8

2000s

2000 : AtheOS, Mac OS 9, MorphOS, Windows 2000, Windows Me (Millennium Edition)
2001 : Linux 2.4, AmigaOS 4.0 (May 2001), Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah (Cheetah) in March, Mac OS X 10.1 Puma, in September, Windows XP, Z / OS
2002 : syllable, Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar
2003 : Mac OS X 10.3 Panther, Windows Server 2003, Linux 2.6
2005 : Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger

2007 : Windows Vista, Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard

2009 : Windows 7, Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard

Years 2010

2011 : Linux 3.0, Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
2012 : OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion (renamed « Mac OS X » to « OS X »), Windows 8 (released October 26, 2012)
2013 : OS X 10.9 Mavericks
2014 : AmigaOS 4.1 Final Edition, OS X 10.10 Yosemite, RedHat 7
2015 : Windows 10 (since July 29, 2015), Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan
2016 : Windows Server 2016, MacOS Sierra 10.12

Brandon