Évaluation : Liberté et Justice
- Comprendre le fonctionnement de la Justice
Dans un paragraphe de quelques lignes, vous présenterez le fonctionnement de la Justice en France en respectant le plan proposé :
- A quoi sert la Justice ?Quels sont ses principes ?
La Justice permet à une société de bien vivre ensemble en assurant le respect des lois. Elle sanctionne , si cela est nécessaire, le non-respect des lois. Elle repose le principe d’égalité de tous les citoyens devant la loi et assure leur respect de leurs droits.
- La Justice s’appuie sur des textes
La constitution française de 1958 est le texte le plus important de l’Etat. Elle organise le fonctionnement et les grandes valeurs du pays, la Liberté, l’Egalité , la Fraternité.
Les lois, rassemblées dans différents codes sont les règles qui permettent de bien vivre ensemble. Le code civil organise les relations entre les individus( exemple : le divorce) et le code pénal sanctionne les manquement à la loi.
- Les acteurs de la Justice.
Les magistrats (juges et procureurs ) permettent à la justice de fonctionner. Ils représentent la loi. Les procureurs mettent en accusation et les juges décident de la culpabilité et d’éventuels sanctions. La police judiciaire participe à l’enquête. L’avocat défend les intérêts des individus .
- La liberté en France et dans le monde
document 1 : Que dit la loi ?
Le concept de liberté d’expression est formulé en France dès la « Déclarations des droits de l’homme et du citoyen » de 1789, puis précisé au fil du temps et des traités.
La liberté d’expression est définit comme suit :« Toute personne a droit à la liberté d’expression. Ce droit comprend la liberté d’opinion et la liberté de recevoir ou de communiquer des informations ou des idées. L’exercice de ces libertés comportant des devoirs et des responsabilités peut être soumis à certaines formalités, conditions, restrictions ou sanctions prévues par la loi. »
Ce qui signifie que tout citoyen est libre de s’exprimer au sein des cadres définis par la loi.Sont exclus de fait de cette « liberté » plusieurs actes : l’injure, la diffamation, la calomnie, l’incitation à la discrimination (racisme, antisémitisme, homophobie), à la haine et à la violence.L’ensemble de ces exceptions est précisé dans la loi Gayssot du 13 juillet 1990
1/ Quel est le premier texte français à définir la liberté d’expression ?
La « Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen » en 1789 est le premier texte en France à définir le la liberté d’expression.
2/ Quelles sont les limites à la liberté d’expression en France ?
La liberté d’expression en France est limitée par la loi : Il est interdit d’injurier, de diffamer de calomnier, d’inciter à la discrimination, à la haine ou la violence.
Document 2 :
Twitter : un internaute condamné pour insulte homophobes.
Source : BMFtv, 31/03/2016.
Le tribunal correctionnel de Paris a condamné jeudi à trois mois de prison avec sursis un internaute pour des insultes et des menaces de mort homophobes proférées en 2013 sur Twitter à l’encontre de l’élu francilien Jean-Luc Romero.
Le tribunal qui a suivi les réquisitions du parquet sur la peine a également accordé un euro de dommage et intérêts au titre du préjudice moral à l’élu, conformément à sa demande.
1/ Pour quelle raison l’internaute a-t-il été condamné ? Comment se nomme la loi sur laquelle repose cette condamnation ? ( voir document 1 )
L’internaute a été condamné pour avoir tenu des propos homophobes . Cette condamnation repose sur la loi Gayssot de 1990.
1 / Présenter l’image : Organisation , personnages, ce que chaque élément représente.
Ce dessin représente un personnage de dos sur le quel est inscrit le nom de China (Chine en anglais). Il fait face à un ordinateur sur lequel on peut reconnaître le logo de Google. Un second personnage, énorme, avec une tenue de policier masque de sa main gantée l’écran.
.2/ Analyser et décrire le message que le dessinateur veut faire passer. Quelle liberté est ici évoquée ?
Le personnage de dos représente la population chinoise qui n’a pas accès à Internet. Le personnage en policier représente le gouvernement chinois qui censure l’information.
La liberté évoquée ici est celle du droit à l’information qui n’est pas respectée en Chine.
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