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A1-A2-B1 Our film review of the Secret of Kells
https://fr.vikidia.org/wiki/Celtes
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZm1kVnZ7hk&feature=related[/youtube]
About the film: Where does the story take place?
1) It takes place in Iona in Scotland
2) It takes place in Kells in Ireland
3)Louis Le Bocquy, a painter (born in 1916) inspired the film-maker
3) The book was transferred in 806 from Iona in Scotland to Kells in Ireland
Who are the characters of the film?
Abbot Cellach:
1) he is a tall and protective man who lives in a tower
2)he forgot he was an illuminator in the past
3)he has got ginger hair
4)he lives in a tower to forget the past
Abbot Aidan:
1) He is of small size
2)he teaches Brendan how to draw or how to observe
Pangur Ban:
1) She is a real and mythical cat
2) She is only mythical
3) There are poems written by the monk in the archives which mention the cat
Aisling’s parents:
1) They were killed by Crom Cruach
2) They died when she was younger
3) They are still alive
Aisling:
1) She is a fairy and an angel
2) She is intelligent, careful and also very sensitive
3) She moves on four feet
4) She can transform herself into a wolf
Abbots Tang, Leonardo and Assoua:
1) They are all illuminators
2) They are allowed out of the monastery
3) They are not allowed out of the monastery
4)They are entirely dedicated to the scriptorium
5) They eventually/finally die but the spectator doesn’t see them
The Vikings:
1) They are not menacing shadows
2)They are represented as cruel animals
3) They represent death, unhappiness, dangers and tragedy, destruction and war, horror and blood
Crom Cruach:
1) He is a Celtic God with a snake
2)He represents the dragon as a legend
3) He was shot by Saint Patrick in Irish mythology
4)His name means “The Dark One”
What are the Celtic symbols in the film?
1) The square
2) The rectangle
3)The triangle
4)The circle
5) light modifies the scenes
6) light doesn’t modify the scenes
7) forest as paradise on earth
8) forest as opposed to flat landscapes
9) the circle as the symbol of harmony
10) the “triskele” is a Celtic symbol which is a representation of water, fire and earth
And now the story:
1) it starts when Brendan is a child and finishes when he is an adult
2)it is the story of the evolution of a young boy into adulthood
3)the Book is always present in Brendan’s mind
4)the Vikings are always present in Brendan’s Uncle’s mind
The Book of Kells:
1)The Book of Kells is a real book which is in Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
2)The Book of Kells isn’t a real book and doesn’t exist.
It is a legend.
What about Pangur Ban, the magic spell and spirit?
1)Pangur Ban, the white cat, existed. She is a female cat.
2)Pangur Ban the white cat never existed.
3)One of the monks wrote poems about her.
How is Celtic mythology represented ?
1) symbols inspired by nature and animist cults.
2) it is close to natural rites and rhythms
Can you name painters who inspired the artist?
The monastery is very beautiful.
The colors are original.
People are monks and priests.
Walls have got bizarre shapes.
Brendan is twelve years old.
He is an orphan: he hasn’t got any parents.
His father and his mother died.
He meets a very friendly girl: she is called Aisling!
She will help him. She is a fairy. He is looking for berries to make ink
because he wants to write the Chi Ro page.
Brendan is of medium height and size and has got ginger hair.
He lives in Kells in Ireland.
Brendan’s Uncle is the head of Kells.
He is taking care of other monks and people.
The book is very important to him.
The security and safeness of the monastery matters to him as well!
He lives in a tower which opens with a very narrow door.
He is very strict because he wants to save the monks and his people from the Northmen’s attacks.
The Secret Of Kells
Description of Aisling: long white hair and green eyes. She looks like a fairy and she is one! She has the power to turn the cat, Pangur Ban into a fish-cat, a spirit! She can use her spells!
Description of Brendan: short orange hair and blue eyes, long feet, curly and funny ears! He is the hero of the story and we can see him when he is older!
Description of the monks: Asian, African, all walks of life! They are wearing long red coats
I like the scene when :
– When the bad guys come and attack the town of Kells
– When Brendan goes into the forest to look for an eye
– When Brendan dreams that the Vikings will attack Kells because he has visions and can trust his imagination! He is a visionary!
– When Brendan makes a lot of drawings on the Book! He is inspiring!
I like the scenes when there is
- a lot of suspense and many battles
- when the forest is beautiful
- when the book is beautiful and turns into a magic spell!
- Pangur Ban is really cute with two different colours for his eyes! Pangur Ban did exist! He was one of the monk’s cat. The monk wrote poems about her!
Our film review about the Secret of Kells
I liked the scene when the little boy writes the sacred book
-I liked the discovery of the forest
-I liked the scene when he catches the monster’s eye.
-We liked the red and the green colours and the drawings!
My best scenes:
– The meeting between Aisling and Brendan
-She is quicker than Brendan,
she runs faster and she is the best!
-She has magical powers to trasnform nature .The cat can go where she cannot
My best favorite scenes
-When his Uncle is hurt, someone tells Brendan : « You must go, your Uncle is not dead! »
– Brendan disobeys his Uncle to pick up berries because he is not allowed to do so!
-Vikings’s attack and the wolves eat the Vikings in the forest
-Brendan thinks the bees will attack him but it is not true!
the Vikings ‘s attacks are in red
Aisling in the forest
the wolves ‘s scenes are also in red
Aisling ‘s eyes
the wolves ‘s eyes
beautiful nature: waterfalls, rivers, leaves in spring, leaves on trees, leaves falling down,
the Vikings’ s eyes
Pangur Ban
the monster Crumach
The scene when Brendan is writing
when the Vikings go Kells
When Brendan meets his uncle
The wolf’s lips and mouth
When Brendan writes the Book of Kells
the fire, the sky, the buildings, the walls, the attacks, the
Brendan catches the goose
Brendan’s UNCLE’s clothes
green berries for green ink
Aisling disappears and gets lost in darkness
red represents evil or a danger: it means something bad is going to happen
and green represents what is best and good in life, luck, happiness,
writing and drawing
A2-B1 Australia: in the wild
http://australian-animals.net
rules of the bush
http://www.elllo.org/english/0701/T719-Rebecca-Australia.htm
Australia , irregular verbs and the superlatives
https://learningapps.org/view3628472
https://learningapps.org/view3736654
https://learningapps.org/view2521324
https://learningapps.org/view4306674
https://learningapps.org/view3249429
https://learningapps.org/view4949186
https://learningapps.org/view986292
https://learningapps.org/view3239278
How big is Uluru?
- is 348 metres (1141 feet) high
- rises 863 metres (2,831 ft) above sea level
- is 3.6 km long (2.2 miles)
- is 1.9 km wide (1.2 miles)
- is 9.4 km or 5.8 miles around the base
- covers 3.33 km2 (1.29 miles2)
- extends about several km/miles into the ground (no-one knows exactly how far)
Alice : Australia and New Zealand
audio-lingua.eu/spip.php?article4029Alice talks about Australia and New Zealand which are part of the Commonwealth and where part of her family has emigrated to.
Helen : my holidays in Australia
audio-lingua.eu/spip.php?article4495Helen had wonderful experiences during her holidays in Australia !
Emma (Sydney, Australia)
audio-lingua.eu/spip.php?auteur1973I was born in Sydney, Australia but I now live in France with my French husband and my 4 daughters.
Clare : Animals in Australia (1)
audio-lingua.http://eu/spip.php?article2208Clare, an Australian woman, tells us about the cutest Australian animals : kangaroos and koalas.
Ecrire un conte, une histoire autour du thème “In the wild”
Vous pouvez vous inspirer d’autres contes en les personnalisant.
What you must respect!
Begin your story or tale with the following elements
Once upon a time, there was+ singular
Once upon a time, there were + plurial
Include vocabulary from “In the wild!”
L’ensemble des expressions doivent être utilisées.
Include the following words:
First,
Then,
Afterwards,
Eventually,
Finally,
Include comparatives and superlatives:
equality: as… as
inferiority: less… than
superiority: more… than
a short adjective + er than
Include the best, the greatest, the most beautiful!
La partie narrative est au passé (prétérit). Les dialogues doivent être au présent.
Thibault
Once upon a time, when the desert was very hot, there were lots of kangaroos, lots of scarlet-chested parrots, lots of dingoes, lots of platypuses and lots of wombats. We could bike, we could jog and we could go rafting in the river! It was great! Just great! A wonderful world! Then ,the White Men arrived with their convicts and it was the beginning of our tragedies! Our water got polluted, our land was transformed into poor places with dead fish! It was hell on earth! Eventually, we asked a great magician and three wise people to help us. They finally convinced all the people to change their habits and the earth started changing into paradise!
Rémi C
The country was bigger than China. We just loved being the first inhabitants: the Aborigenes!
There were also kangaroos and koalas everywhere in the country.
Koalas were protected and kangaroos were also given shelters …
But the white men arrived and it was the very beginning of tragedies: pollution could be seen everywhere!
Eventually, the land was protected just as in Amazonia! We found a magician who could stop the dishonest people!
They were no longer allowed to do what they wanted with our beautiful sand! They were not no longer allowed to throw
rockets in the sky! We won the battle! Yes, we did!
Louis
Once upon a time, there were lots of very good friends who were having a great time together!
-Hello!
-Good afternoon!
-Let us hop on the bus! Let us walk past the rocks!
-Let us go to Australia on the campsite!
-Let us do that!
-Look at the snakes and the kangaroos! here they are!
-Well, unfortunately, there are no kangaroos! They’ve all gone!
-Now, let us go and have dinner!
-Greetings! All the best!
Australia is hot, as hot as Africa! But we love living there!
Noémy:
Once upon a time, there was a very beautiful sky and one of the most beautiful sun you have ever seen!
There were also birds which were singing in the air! But it was a dangerous place to be! Yes, indeed, it was!
You had to be be careful and avoid snakes! We just hopped on the bus in order to stay away from marsupials
which are less beautiful than kangaroos, because kangaroos could be seen everywhere in Australia!
At night, one had to be very careful because one can be bitten by snakes!
One had to build shelters so that children could sleep pleasantly and play and cook and clean up the dishes!
Then one had to wake up and build up a fire because we wanted to have sausages for lunch.
The sausage was better than the fish!
In Australia, the sun was as beautiful in the South as in the North! It was paradise!
There were lots of places to visit. Finally, we went back to France and we left the kangaroos and koalas!
We eventually got the opportunity to take photographs of the big koalas. They looked great and so cute!
We had fun! Thanks, Australia!
Brenda
-Hello!
-Hey! How are you today!
-I’ m fine! Thanks! How was your trip to Australia?
-Oh! That’s great!
-Go ahead! Tell me more about it!
-Alright! You hop off the bus and the land is just wonderful! You walk past the rocks, you have a picnic and paradise is at hand!
In the afternoon, you can watch marsupials but you must stay away from them… You have to be very careful!
You can build a shelter next to a campfire!
-That’s great!
-Well, we will speak about it later on, Mum is calling me! I must go!
-Goodbye! See you! Hugs and kisses, you are my best friend!
-Yes, good bye, sweetie!
subduction earthquake in Japan ?? tsunami [???] – under construction 11th March 2011 piece of news
Two survivors found in quake-hit Japan city Ishinomaki
The pair survived on yoghurt and other food from the refrigeratorAn 80-year-old woman and a 16-year-old boy have been plucked from the rubble of a house demolished by the enormous quake which hit Japan nine days ago.
Sumi Abe and Jin Abe – said to be her grandson – “were found under debris”, said a police spokesman in Ishinomaki city, Miyagi prefecture, according to AFP news agency.
The two were in the kitchen when the quake hit on 11 March, a doctor said.
They survived as they were able to get yoghurt and other food from the fridge.
The grandson eventually managed to reach the roof of the house where he flagged down a rescue helicopter, reported Japan’s NHK news service.
The two are now being treated in hospital in Ishinomaki.
“Their temperatures were quite low but they were conscious,” the police spokesman said.
He said details of their condition were not immediately available, though a rescuer was quoted as saying the boy was found shivering and with no feeling in one leg.
Miyagi was the worst-hit in the double disaster of the quake and tsunami of 11 March, with police now saying they fear 15,000 lives could have been lost in that prefecture alone.
On Saturday the military announced a man had been found alive in rubble, but it later turned out that he had been in an evacuation centre and had tried to return to his home.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2011/mar/20/japan-survivors-found-after-nine-days
Une forêt pour se protéger des tsunamis
Environnement
«Nous avons protégé la forêt et elle nous a protégés.» Des villageois pauvres du sud de l’Inde racontent comment un projet de conservation de la nature les a sauvés du tsunami et sortis de l’extrême pauvreté.
Patrick Alleyn (texte et photos), Dossier Environnement, International
Tamil Nadu, Inde — Nous traversons en chaloupe l’immense forêt marécageuse de Pichavaram, dans le sud de l’Inde. On s’y faufile à travers des canaux, guidés par Nagamuthu, un jeune membre de la tribu Irula. Pichavaram est une mangrove, c’est-à-dire une forêt d’arbres poussant dans l’eau salée et la boue, au bord d’un océan tropical. Dressés, tels des araignées, sur leurs dizaines de racines crochues leur servant de tronc, ils valsent au gré de la houle, réduisant ainsi jusqu’à 90% de l’énergie des vagues. Dans les régions tropicales soumises aux cyclones et ouragans, la nature a heureusement créé cet efficace système de défense des rives.
«Le jour du tsunami, les habitants des villages de Pichavaram ont aperçu trois vagues gigantesques au-dessus de la mangrove, raconte Nagamuthu. Ils ont eu le temps de s’enfuir, car les arbres ont ralenti la violence des vagues. La marée géante a emporté les bateaux, mais sans détruire les maisons. «Un village voisin, situé à la même distance de la mer, mais non protégé par la forêt, a, lui, été dévasté», fait remarquer le pêcheur qui dirige notre barque.
Le tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 a été l’une des pires catastrophes naturelles de l’histoire. L’immense raz-de-marée, provoqué par un tremblement de terre dans l’océan, a fait 280 000 morts dans plusieurs pays d’Asie. «Mais à Pichavaram, nous avons protégé la forêt et elle nous a protégés», conclut Nagamuthu, non sans fierté. Et non sans raison.
Gardiens de la forêt
Nagamuthu coordonne depuis 1996 un vaste projet de sauvetage des arbres de la mangrove de Pichavaram. Il était à peine âgé de 17 ans quand des biologistes marins de la Fondation Swaminathan, un organisme scientifique indien, ont débarqué dans son village à la recherche d’un meneur. Ils voulaient mobiliser les villageois pour enrayer la dégradation de la forêt après les coupes «sélectives» d’arbres, autorisées par le gouvernement dans les années 1970.
«Nagamuthu était le seul habitant du village sachant lire et écrire. Nous voulions transformer les habitants pauvres de la région en gardiens de la forêt, en leur démontrant que son reboisement allait améliorer leurs revenus», expose Selvam, le directeur de ce projet à la Fondation Swaminathan.
«Les gens ici sont très pauvres. Pour combler leurs besoins de base, ils coupaient les arbres ou faisaient brouter sans contrôle leurs animaux autour de la mangrove, des pratiques néfastes pour son écosystème», poursuit Selvam. Avec un financement de l’Agence canadienne de développement international (ACDI) et du Centre de recherche en développement international (CRDI), deux organismes du gouvernement canadien, les scientifiques indiens ont démarré le chantier environnemental à Pichavaram.
Les villageois ont planté des arbres et, pour les alimenter d’eau fraîche, creusé des canaux. «Des pans entiers de la mangrove ont repris vie. Sous les arbres, les crevettes, les crabes et les poissons se sont multipliés. La pêche est devenue abondante», se rappelle le père de Nagamuthu.
Pour protéger l’environnement, les scientifiques croyaient qu’il fallait d’abord combattre la pauvreté dans ces villages isolés. Ainsi, les villageois cesseraient les activités nuisibles pour la forêt, mais aussi se mobiliseraient contre tout projet du gouvernement ou de riches investisseurs pouvant la menacer.
La Fondation a donc construit une école. «On s’est aussi battu devant les tribunaux pour faire reconnaître aux membres de la tribu Irula leurs droits comme population indigène discriminée en Inde. Ainsi, des places devaient leur être réservées dans les collèges», rapporte le biologiste.
Et le jeune Nagamuthu d’enchaîner: «Aujourd’hui, les gens de mon village conseillent le ministère des Forêts, et nous avons reçu le mandat de patrouiller la mangrove pour dénoncer toute coupe illégale.»
Le modèle de Pichavaram — gestion de l’environnement par les communautés pauvres elles-mêmes — a ensuite été reproduit pour la protection d’autres mangroves en Inde. C’est aussi un modèle promu de plus en plus dans le monde, en particulier par les Nations unies, pour protéger les écosystèmes en péril — forêts, rivières, terres agricoles… Car, les pauvres sont toujours les premières victimes de la destruction de l’environnement.
«Quand j’étais enfant, les hommes du village ne portaient que des caleçons qu’ils achetaient usagés au marché!», se souvient Nagamuthu. À 8 ans, je devais conduire les chèvres au champ. Je voyais les enfants d’autres villages se rendre à l’école. De moi-même, j’ai décidé de m’y inscrire. Mais, à 13 ans, j’ai dû retourner dans la mangrove pour pêcher. Sans filet ni bateau, j’étais expert pour attraper les crabes à mains nues!» rigole-t-il. Nagamuthu poursuit maintenant des études par correspondance en sociologie.
Destruction d’une protection naturelle
L’impact du tsunami de 2004 aurait été bien moindre si les humains n’avaient pas détruit les mangroves, estiment les spécialistes du Programme des Nations unies pour l’environnement (PNUE).
En effet, plus du tiers de ces écosystèmes côtiers a disparu depuis 20 ans, pour céder la place à des hôtels, des routes ou des bassins d’élevage de crevettes. Souvent dans ces «fermes» à crevettes, les riches investisseurs abandonnent les installations après quelques années à peine, une fois la terre contaminée. Jetés au chômage, les habitants pauvres se retrouvent sans aucune ressource dans un champ de boue et de sel.
Le soir tombe. Nagamuthu nous presse de rentrer, car les filets des petits pêcheurs se dresseront bientôt sur le parcours de notre barque. «Le tsunami a créé auprès des gouvernements un intérêt nouveau pour les mangroves, constate le scientifique Selvam. Mais, je crains que cet intérêt ne s’estompe à mesure que le tsunami s’effacera des mémoires.»
http://www.lemonde.fr/week-end/portfolio/2011/03/18/tsunami-des-images-pour-le-japon_1494543_1477893.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12743417
Radiation fears after Japan blast
By Richard Warry BBC News
The Japanese authorities say radiation levels from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant have started to climb to potentially harmful levels.
Residents living within 30km (18 miles) of the plant have been advised to leave the area, or to stay indoors, and try to make their homes airtight.
Experts have stressed that swift action should be able to minimise any impact on human health.
What are the immediate health effects of exposure to radiation?
Exposure to moderate levels of radiation – above one gray – can result in radiation sickness, which produces a range of symptoms.
Nausea and vomiting often begin within hours of exposure, followed by diarrhoea, headaches and fever.
After the first round of symptoms, there may be a brief period with no apparent illness, but this may be followed within weeks by new, more serious symptoms.
At higher levels of radiation, all of these symptoms may be immediately apparent, along with widespread – and potentially fatal – damage to internal organs.
Exposure to a radiation dose of four gray will typically kill about half of all healthy adults.
For comparison, radiation therapy for cancer typically involves several doses of between one and seven gray at a time – but these doses are highly controlled, and usually specifically targeted at small areas of the body.
| Radiation dose | |
|---|---|
| Source: World Nuclear Association | |
| 2 mSv/yr (millisieverts per year) | Typical background radiation experienced by everyone (average 1.5 mSv in Australia, 3 mSv in North America) |
| 9 mSv/yr | Exposure by airline crew flying New York-Tokyo polar route |
| 20 mSv/yr | Current limit (averaged) for nuclear industry employees |
| 50 mSv/yr | Former routine limit for nuclear industry employees. It is also the dose rate which arises from natural background levels in several places in Iran, India and Europe |
| 100 mSv/yr | Lowest level at which any increase in cancer is clearly evident. |
| 350 mSv/lifetime | Criterion for relocating people after Chernobyl accident |
| 1,000 mSv single dose | Causes (temporary) radiation sickness such as nausea and decreased white blood cell count, but not death. Above this, severity of illness increases with dose |
| 5,000 mSv single dose | Would kill about half those receiving it within a month |
How is radiation sickness treated?
The first thing to do is to try to minimise further contamination by removing clothes and shoes, and gently washing the skin with soap and water.
Drugs are available that increase white blood-cell production to counter any damage that may have occurred to the bone marrow, and to reduce the risk of further infections due to immune-system damage.
There are also specific drugs that can help to reduce the damage to internal organs caused by radioactive particles.
How does radiation have an impact on health?
Radiation and cancer
- Most experts agree even small doses of ionising radiation – as low as 100 millisieverts – can increase the risk of cancer, but by a very small amount.
- In general, the risk of cancer increases as the dose of radiation increases. Exposure to one sievert of radiation is estimated to increase the lifetime risk of fatal cancer by around 5%.
- The thyroid gland and bone marrow are particularly sensitive to ionising radiation.
- Leukemia, a type of cancer that arises in the bone marrow, is the most common radiation-induced cancer. Leukemias may appear as early as a few years after radiation exposure.
- Other cancer can also result from exposure to radiation, but may not develop for at least a decade. These include cancers of the lung, skin, thyroid, breast and stomach.
What are the most likely long-term health effects?
Cancer is the biggest long-term risk.
[…]
[…]
The biggest risk was that radioactive iodine could get into their system, raising the risk of thyroid cancer.
To counter that risk, people – in particular children – could be given tablets containing stable iodine which would prevent the body absorbing the radioactive version.
The Japanese already have a lot of iodine in their natural diet, so that should help too.
How does Fukushima compare to Chernobyl?
Professor Gerry Thomas, who has studied the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster, said: “It is very unlikely that this will turn into anything that resembles Chernobyl.
“In Chernobyl you had a steam explosion which exposed the reactor core, which meant you had a lot of radiation shooting up into the atmosphere.”
Prof Thomas said although the Chernobyl disaster had led to a rise in thyroid cancer cases, the only people affected were those living in the immediate area of the explosion and who were young at the time.
B1 reading history and climate changes from trees
Roman rise and fall ‘recorded in trees’
By Mark Kinver Science and environment reporter, BBC News
The study offers a link between changes to the climate and the rise and fall of human societiesRelated stories
An extensive study of tree growth rings says there could be a link between the rise and fall of past civilisations and sudden shifts in Europe’s climate.
A team of researchers based their findings on data from 9,000 wooden artifacts from the past 2,500 years.
They found that periods of warm, wet summers coincided with prosperity, while political turmoil occurred during times of climate instability.
The findings have been published online by the journal Science.
“Looking back on 2,500 years, there are examples where climate change impacted human history,” co-author Ulf Buntgen, a paleoclimatologist at the Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, told the Science website.
Ring record
The team capitalised on a system used to date material unearthed during excavations.
“Start Quote
Distinct drying in the 3rd Century paralleled a period of serious crisis in the western Roman empire”
End Quote Ulf Buntgen
“Archaeologists have developed oak ring width chronologies from Central Europe that cover nearly the entire Holocene and have used them for the purpose of dating artefacts, historical buildings, antique artwork and furniture,” they wrote.
“Chronologies of living and relict oaks may reflect distinct patterns of summer precipitation and drought.”
The team looked at how weather over the past couple of centuries affected living trees’ growth rings.
During good growing seasons, when water and nutrients are in plentiful supply, trees form broad rings, with their boundaries relatively far apart.
But in unfavourable conditions, such as drought, the rings grow in much tighter formation.
The researchers then used this data to reconstruct annual weather patterns from the growth rings preserved in the artefacts.
Once they had developed a chronology stretching back over the past 2,500 years, they identified a link with prosperity levels in past societies, such as the Roman Empire.
“Wet and warm summers occurred during periods of Roman and medieval prosperity. Increased climate variability from 250-600 AD coincided with the demise of the western Roman empire and the turmoil of the migration period,” the team reported.
“Distinct drying in the 3rd Century paralleled a period of serious crisis in the western Roman empire marked by barbarian invasion, political turmoil and economic dislocation in several provinces of Gaul.”
Dr Buntgen explained: “We were aware of these super-big data sets, and we brought them together and analyzed them in a new way to get the climate signal.
“If you have enough wood, the dating is secure. You just need a lot of material and a lot of rings.”
A1-A2-B1 Let us write to Prince William and Kate Middleton
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/user/TheRoyalChannel[/youtube]
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/user/TheRoyalChannel[/youtube]
http://www.youtube.com/user/TheRoyalChannel
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/royal-wedding
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13247503
William_marrying_Kate
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13243298
http://ph1.cerosmedia.com/1B4db9637e64402012.cde/page/3
Diana_connectionsqueen_s_role
Par respect des droits de copyright et de confidentialité, la signature ainsi que le nom de la personne nous ayant répondu ont été effacés.
Family tree and details about the etiquette of the wedding available on this link!
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11767495
1066
On Christmas Day 1066, William, Duke of Normandy , became the third man in that eventful year to wear the English crown. His coronation took place at Westminster Abbey, but ended in chaos when Norman troops mistook a cry of acclamation for a rebellion.
This account was given by Orderic Vitalis (1075-1142), the Anglo-French chronicler of Norman England. Although Orderic was obviously not present at the coronation his version of the story is usually the most trusted by historians.
Coronation of William the Conqueror, 25 December 1066
So at last on Christmas Day in the year of Our Lord, 1067, the fifth Indiction, the English assembled at London for the king’s coronation, and a strong guard of Normen men-at-arms and knights was posted round the minster to prevent any treachery or disorder. And, in the presence of the bishops, abbots, and nobles of the whole realm of Albion, Archbishop Ealdred consecrated William duke of Normandy as king of the English and placed the royal crown on his head. This was done in the abbey church of St Peter the chief of the apostles, called Westminster , where the body of King Edward lies honourably buried.
But at the prompting of the devil, who hates everything good, a sudden disaster and portent of future catastrophes occurred. For when Archbishop Ealdred asked the English, and Geoffrey bishop of Coutances asked the Normans , if they would accept William as their king, all of them gladly shouted out with once voice if not in one language that they would. The armed guard outside, hearing the tumult of the joyful crowd in the church and the harsh accents of a foreign tongue, imagined that some treachery was afoot, and rashly set fire to some of the buildings. The fire spread rapidly from house to house; the crowd who had been rejoicing in the church took fright and throngs of men and women of every rank and condition rushed out of the church in frantic haste. Only the bishops and a few clergy and monks remained, terrified, in the sanctuary, and with difficulty completed the consecration of the king who was trembling from head to foot. Almost all the rest made for the scene of conflagration, some to fight the flames and many others hoping to find loot for themselves in the general confusion. TheEnglish, after hearing of the perpetration of such misdeeds, never again trusted the Normans who seemed to have betrayed them, but nursed their anger and bided their time to take revenge.
Source: The Ecclesiastic History of Orderic Vitalis, translated by Marjorie Chibnill (Oxford University Press, 1978)
William is crowned king by Archbishop Ealdred: a scene from the Bayeux Tapestry.
C for celebration
O for open
N for new
G for get married
R for rich
A for answer
T for tale
U for under stress
L for love
A for award
T for together
I for imaginative
O for offer
N for nice
S for story
written by Clément 6° 3
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11979925
http://www.anglais.ac-versailles.fr/spip.php?article321
To His Highness Prince William and Lady Kate Middleton,
Let us introduce ourselves!
We are a group of 26 pupils who live in Doubs, France next to Switzerland.
Doubs is a river, a small town and a county.
We are between 11 and 12.
We have got brothers and sisters except for one friend who is an only child.
We enjoy swimming in the summer and skiing in the winter.
Our school Lucie Aubrac is big and colourful : red, grey, white with yellow and green classroms .
The headmaster’s name is Mr Michel Cleyet-Merle.
The school has got the shape of the letter H.
H for History.
We like our English teacher because we are happy during English classes.
We like the work on the computer, the good humour and clementines on Thanksgiving day but
we find English difficult!
There are lots of tests at school and we don’t like them.
We do not like writing but some of us do
and others do not like school at all!
We include a photograph of our class.
We are wearing our best clothes for the occasion!
We are writing to you to wish you all the best for the future!
We hope you will be very lucky!
We just love you!
Congratulations!
Best regards and best wishes for the future!
The 6°3 Pupils
under the guidance of
Ms Marie ANDRE-MILESI
their English teacher
This letter is part and parcel of the Positive Piece of news Project
Collège Lucie Aubrac
BP 25
25300 Doubs
France
http://classtools.net/widgets/fishbone_7/HEngd.htm
On the site history.com, you may find interesting videos.
Marc Roche, correspondant du “Monde” à Londres
pour Le Monde.fr | 19.04.11 | 16h15 • Mis à jour le 22.04.11 | 15h26
Le prince William et sa fiancée, Kate Middleton, dans un club de football à Witton County Park, dans le Darwen, le 11 avril. Leur mariage sera célébré le 29 avril.AFP/ALASTAIR GRANT
Dans un chat sur LeMonde.fr, Marc Roche, correspondant du “Monde” à Londres, estime que le mariage entre le prince William et Catherine Middleton n’aura aucun impact politique car il s’agit d’un événement “à mi-chemin entre affaire d’Etat et cérémonie privée”.
Fred 78 : Les Britanniques sont-ils majoritairement pour la monarchie et si oui, pourquoi ?
Marc Roche : Les Britanniques, à la veille du mariage, plébiscitent la monarchie, pour une raison bien simple : en ces temps d’austérité, la royauté demeure un pivot, une sorte d’ancre, face à la tourmente.
Ensuite, en présence de forces centrifuges à la fois régionales et ethniques, la monarchie reste le symbole de l’unité nationale. En ces temps de guerre (Libye, Afghanistan…), la reine, chef des armées, est l’incarnation du savoir-faire du Royaume-Uni sur le plan militaire.
Dernier point : malgré un côté désuet, conventionnel et fier de l’être, Elizabeth II est unanimement saluée pour les sacrifices consentis à l’exercice de sa lourde tâche. C’est pourquoi le mouvement républicain reste très minoritaire.
Bleuen : Existe-t-il néanmoins un mouvement républicain influent au Royaume-Uni ?
Lors de l’annus horribilis du début des années 1990 – divorce, incendie de Windsor, mort de Diana… –, le mouvement républicain est monté dans les sondages, arrivant à son niveau le plus élevé lors de la fameuse première semaine de septembre, la mort et l’enterrement de Diana.
Mais certains Britanniques n’ont pas aimé les scènes d’hystérie lors de cette semaine-là. Les supporteurs de Diana se recrutaient essentiellement dans les minorités ethniques, sexuelles, et chez les femmes de la classe populaire.
Le pays profond, hors Londres et hors ces groupes, a défendu la monarchie et on a assisté, toutes autres choses étant égales, un peu à ce qui s’est passée en mai 1968 : la révolution étudiante et la contre-révolution conservatrice. Le mouvement républicain aujourd’hui est peu actif, il se limite à certaines classes intellectuelles londoniennes.
Mais il y a une mouvance républicaine que j’appellerais “passive”, ce sont les musulmans, et une partie de la communauté antillaise, qui ne se reconnaissent pas dans cette institution, blanche, aristocratique et protestante.
Antoine Doinel : Quelle incidence le mariage de William peut-il avoir sur le régime anglais ?
Le mariage de William et Katherine n’aura aucune incidence sur la succession. Pour parler familièrement, on saute tout chez les Windsor, sauf les générations… Charles succédera à la reine à sa mort, et William succédera à son père quand ce dernier décédera.
Noa : Savez-vous combien va coûter le mariage princier ? Peut-on faire une comparaison avec d’autres mariages princiers en Europe de ce point de vue ?
Eloïse : Bonjour, d’où vient l’argent du mariage ? En période de restrictions budgétaires, comment les Anglais réagissent-ils à des dépenses aussi importantes ?
L’argent du mariage n’est pas sujet à controverse. Tout d’abord, il s’agit d’une cérémonie qui n’est ni d’Etat ni privée, elle se situe entre les deux. Résultat : le coût du mariage proprement dit – réception, bouquets, robe, transport… – est assuré par la reine, le prince de Galles et les Middleton, sur leur propre cagnotte.
La participation de l’Etat se limite au déploiement des soldats, des policiers et d’une partie du transport en carrosse.
Ainsi que des avions qui survoleront Buckingham Palace. La Mairie de Londres s’occupe, elle, du nettoyage, tandis que les médias doivent intégralement payer le coût de leurs opérations ce jour-là.
Le coût est donc très limité, comme le souhaitait le gouvernement en cette période d’austérité.
Doudidouda : L’ampleur des préparations pour le mariage n’agacent-ils pas tout de même un peu les Britanniques ?
A chaque grand mariage princier, on assiste à une explosion de produits dérivés d’un goût variable, de drapeaux, de calicots, etc.
Les Britanniques aiment cela dans la mesure où c’est un pays à la fois patriote et festif.
Cela dit, en raison du choix de la date, entre deux ponts en avril et en mai, certains prennent trois semaines de vacances. Donc on assiste à la fois à un exode d’une partie de la population autochtone et à un afflux de touristes qui doit limiter les pressions sur les transports en commun. Mais dans la grisaille actuelle, le mariage princier est plutôt bienvenu.
Elise : Est-ce que les monarques ont encore un réel pouvoir dans quelque domaine en Grande-Bretagne ?
La seule prérogative royale qui demeure : la reine règne sur les cygnes, les esturgeons et les baleines. En théorie, c’est tout. Si le Parlement devait la condamner à la guillotine, elle serait forcée de signer sa propre condamnation à mort.
Cela dit, dans les faits, la monarchie, qui ne joue aucun rôle politique, a une influence sur la vie du Royaume dans les domaines suivants.
La reine, les princes et consorts jouent un grand rôle dans les institutions caritatives, qui sont très importantes outre-Manche, et aident à récolter des fonds.
Autre domaine important : la religion, puisque la reine est le chef de l’Eglise anglicane, qui est religion d’Etat.
Elle a son mot à dire dans la nomination de certains prélats.
Charles : Quelle influence la monarchie anglaise joue-t-elle sur les pays du Commonwealth ?
La reine Elizabeth II reste le chef d’Etat de quinze pays du Commonwealth, et non des moindres : Australie, Canada, Nouvelle-Zélande… Par ailleurs, l’éclat du Commonwealth demeure, comme le montre l’adhésion de deux pays non-anglophones, le Mozambique et le Rwanda, qui n’ont jamais été des colonies britanniques.
La reine est le leader de cette association et joue un rôle important quand il s’agit de défendre les intérêts du Commonwealth face aux deux vrais ancrages de la diplomatie britannique, l’Union européenne et les Etats-Unis.
Le rôle de la monarchie comme symbole du Commonwealth risque de diminuer avec les successeurs d’Elizabeth II qui ont peu ou prou connu la grandeur de l’Empire.
Manon : Ce mariage aura-t-il un impact politique important dans les relations internationales ?
La réponse est non, puisqu’il ne s’agit pas d’une affaire d’Etat, mais d’un événement à mi-chemin entre affaire d’Etat et cérémonie privée.
Catherine Middleton n’aura aucun rôle politique si ce n’est un rôle de représentation à l’étranger au côté de son mari. A la différence de Diana, Catherine Middleton n’a jamais cherché à éclipser son époux, elle est là comme soutien.
André Rion : Y a-t-il un risque réel que des manifestations perturbent les festivités ?
Le risque est réel vu la situation économique chaotique du Royaume-Uni. Il existe une mouvance anarchiste renforcée par le mouvement étudiant hostile à l’augmentation des droits d’entrée dans les universités, qui a promis de perturber le mariage princier.
Fortement critiquée lors des manifestations du G20 et celles contre les droits d’inscription, la police ne sait pas très bien à quel saint se vouer, alternant entre excès de fermeté et laxisme.
La situation à ce propos peut s’avérer dangereuse.
Sara : On parle beaucoup du coût de ce mariage. Mais est-il vrai qu’il pourrait rapporter 700 millions d’euros ?
Florent : Est-ce que la monarchie gagne un pourcentage sur les produits dérivés, du genre souvenirs ? Cela sert-il a financer le mariage ?
La monarchie a le droit d’image sur la fabrication des objets, et donc perçoit un pourcentage de leur prix de vente.
Le produit est intégré au budget général de fonctionnement de Buckingham Palace. Un mariage royal rapporte plus qu’il ne coûte en raison des retombées touristiques, mais avec une limitation dans ce cas-ci : l’effet des deux à trois semaines de congés que prennent beaucoup de Britanniques.
Mathieu : La popularité de la monarchie ne peut-elle être considérée comme une forme de patriotisme ? Et la “peopolisation” étant chose courante en Angleterre notamment à travers un nombre incalculable de tabloïds, ce patriotisme n’est-il que de surface ?
Les Anglais sont très patriotes, et l’ont toujours été. La monarchie, symbole de l’ancienne grandeur de l’Empire, des deux guerres mondiales victorieuses et d’une décolonisation certes bâclée mais qui s’est faite tout naturellement, est associée à la volupté d’être britannique, qui prévaut toujours.
Les Windsor ont tiré les leçons de la “peoplisation” de l’ère Diana, ils sont devenus plus couleur muraille. Les tabloïds sont moins intéressés dans les Windsor pour une raison essentielle : ils font moins vendre que les stars du foot ou de la télévision.
Elodie : Et par rapport aux classes sociales dans la société britannique, la noblesse est-elle une classe à part entière ? Comment cela est-il perçu par l’ensemble de la société ? N’y a-t-il pas des critiques par rapport au caractère un peu inégalitaire de ce fonctionnement ?
A l’inverse de la France et de l’ensemble du continent européen, le Royaume-Uni n’a jamais connu de révolution anti-aristocratique et n’a jamais été occupé militairement depuis 1066.
La noblesse y a gardé tous ses attributs. Son pouvoir est essentiellement foncier – les plus beaux quartiers de Londres appartiennent à trois ducs – et mondain. Etrangement, vivant en marge de la société, essentiellement à la campagne, l’aristocratie britannique provoque de l’indifférence teintée d’amusement.
Elle n’a aucun pouvoir politique, comme le montre l’interdiction en 2005 de la chasse à courre, qu’elle avait défendue bec et ongles.
Cherry : Les membres de la famille royale se distinguent par leur caractère assez réactionnaire et peu ouvert à la diversité culturelle. Cette attitude est-elle partagée par la société britannique ?
Il est très clair qu’en général la famille royale symbolise l’Angleterre du passé. Compassée, attachée au maintien du système de classes, blanche, protestante et, disons-le, conservatrice, voire réactionnaire. C’est certainement le cas de la reine et de son conjoint le duc d’Edimburg.
Ce l’est moins du prince Charles, réputé pour son combat courageux en faveur de la diversité. C’est lui qui a ouvert la Garde royale aux Noirs, et qui veut changer le système institutionnel en mettant sur le même pied toutes les grandes religions. Il est aussi très ouvert au bouddhisme.
En revanche, avec William, on est entre les deux. C’est un militaire, attaché à l’ordre et à la hiérarchie et aux classes sociales, très conscient de son statut aristocratique et royal, qui ne s’entoure que de ses pairs.
D’un autre côté, le mariage avec une roturière, sa connaissance de l’Afrique et le fait qu’il ait beaucoup voyagé et n’a jamais mené une existence de jet-set, impliquent une certaine ouverture d’esprit. Mais le fait demeure : la monarchie a du mal à s’adapter à l’Angleterre multiculturelle.
Bébert : Pourtant, Prince William a suivi sa mère en essayant de donner une image plus moderne. Pensez-vous qu’un jour il fera en sorte que la monarchie britannique ressemble à la monarchie hollandaise, c’est-à-dire plus proche des gens ?
Jamais. William a hérité de Diana le souci des autres. C’est évident. Avec son frère Harry, il a créé sa propre association philanthropique qui œuvre en faveur des anciens délinquants, des enfants atteints du sida, etc.
Reste qu’il n’est pas du genre à se promener en bicyclette dans les rues de Londres. Il est conscient de son statut royal, et entend maintenir la monarchie au-dessus de la mêlée en lui conservant sa mystique.
Et Catherine Middleton devrait se mouler facilement dans cette philosophie visant à adopter un profil bas afin de maintenir cette image légendaire de la monarchie. Les étoiles ne se laissent pas saisir.
Antoine : La monarchie britannique constitue-t-elle une exception dans le monde ?
Indéniablement par rapport à Monaco, les Windsor sont dans une autre place. Ils le sont aussi par rapport à l’Espagne, pays plus ou moins de même taille. C’est dû en partie à la longévité – elle remonte à la nuit des temps –, à la grandeur passée de l’Angleterre, et au fait qu’elle reste garante de la démocratie.
A part Cromwell pendant quelques années, l’Angleterre a toujours connu une démocratie parlementaire, et la royauté, dans l’esprit de beaucoup de gens de par le monde, est liée à cette institution. En plus, il y a le Commonwealth.
Marc Roche est l’auteur de la première biographie officielle de la reine Elizabeth II intitulée La Dernière Reine (La Table Ronde, 2008) et deux autres ouvrages sur la famille royale britannique, Diana, une mort annoncée (Scali, 2006) et Un ménage à trois (Albin Michel, 2009)
Chat modéré par Emmanuelle Chevallereau
15 April 2011 Last updated at 11:42 GMT
” title=”//
” title=”” width=”20″ height=”20″> Kate Middleton will be staying in the hotel’s Royal suite.More details of the royal wedding have been released by Buckingham Palace.
Kate Middleton and her immediate family will spend the night before the wedding at the Goring Hotel in Belgravia, central London.
The five-star hotel was the Middleton family’s personal choice and, according to press reports, she will stay in the Royal suite.
Prince William, second in line to the throne, will marry Miss Middleton on 29 April at Westminster Abbey.
TIMETABLE
- 1015 BST – The groom and Prince Harry arrive at Westminster Abbey
- 1051 BST – The bride, and her father, leave the Goring Hotel for Westminster Abbey
- 1100 BST – The marriage service begins
- 1230 BST – The bride’s carriage procession arrives at Buckingham Palace
Jeremy Goring, Chief Executive Officer of the Goring Hotel, said: “We are honoured and delighted to be playing a small part in such a great day. We wish Miss Middleton and Prince William every happiness, and we are all looking forward to a momentous celebration.”
He said: “The Goring is the only five-star hotel in London that is still owned and run by the family that built it.”
Mr Goring said the 100-year-old hotel was famous for its “superbly cooked British food” and “uniquely personable English style of service”.
Clarence House has also revealed the exact timings of the wedding day.
The route will pass along The Mall, Horse Guards Road, Horse Guards Parade, through Horse Guards Arch, Whitehall, along the south side of Parliament Square and into Broad Sanctuary.
The wedding service will be relayed to the gathered crowds by speakers along the route.
There will also be screens at Hyde Park and Trafalgar Square.
More information for people wanting to watch the service in central London is available at www.direct.gov.uk/royalwedding.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13120510
19 April 2011 Last updated at 12:35 GMT
Royal wedding: Kate Middleton coat of arms unveiled
Thomas Woodcock, Garter Principal King of Arms, explains the Middleton coat of arms
Kate Middleton’s family has had a coat of arms designed, which will feature on a souvenir royal wedding programme.
Her father Michael commissioned the heraldic design to mark his daughter’s marriage to Prince William on 29 April.
It features three acorn sprigs, one for each of the Middletons’ children: an idea Miss Middleton suggested.
Royal experts say the coat of arms – which cost £4,400 to make – marks the increased social status of her parents and her potential as a future Queen.
Thomas Woodcock, Garter Principal King of Arms, from the College of Arms in the City of London, helped the Middletons with the design.
He said the oak tree was a traditional symbol of England and a feature of west Berkshire, where the family have lived for 30 years.
Mr Woodcock said the gold chevron in the centre of the coat of arms signified Miss Middleton’s mother, Carole, whose maiden name was Goldsmith.
Kate’s coat of arms includes a tied ribbon, showing she is an unmarried woman, and features three acorn sprigs, representing each of the Middleton children. At its centre is a gold inverted “V” reflecting Kate’s mother Carole’s maiden name of Goldsmith and white chevronels, symbolising mountains, representing the family’s love of the Lake District and skiing
William’s coat of arms has a design derived from that of his father, the Prince of Wales, and has a main shield featuring the three lions, lion rampant and harp stringed argent of England, Scotland and Ireland. It also has the lion and unicorn supporters – symbols of the UK. The white label features a sea shell or “escallop”, taken from the family coat of arms of his mother, Princess Diana. The blue garter symbolises his appointment at Knight of the Garter
White chevronels – narrow chevrons above and below the gold chevron – symbolise peaks and mountains, and the Middleton family’s love of the Lake District and skiing.
Mr Woodcock said: “It’s not compulsory, but as their daughter is marrying into the Royal Family she will have a need probably to use a coat of arms.”
He said Miss Middleton could have been granted her own heraldic design but her father wanted the whole family to be able to use it.
Elaborate lozengeA version of the coat of arms, which can only be used by Kate or her sister Pippa as it denotes a Middleton spinster, will be printed on the back of the souvenir programme. Prince William’s will be on the front.
Miss Middleton’s heraldic design features a tied ribbon to show she is an unmarried woman.
Overall, it is designed like an elaborate lozenge rather than a shield, a shape reserved for men.
She will be able to use the coat of arms up until her wedding day, after which it will be combined with that of Prince William.
Mr Woodcock said: “With any new design of a coat of arms you have to make sure that the design is distinct not just in colour but in the linear appearance.
“And, as there is a 16th Century coat of arms with a chevron between three sprigs of oak, we’ve made the differences – dividing the background colours.”
Multimedia nuptials
Broadcast footage of the wedding will be streamed live on the royal YouTube channel, accompanied by a live blog put together by staff at Clarence House and St James’s Palace.
The commentary will provide historical information and links to previously unpublished photographs and video footage with live updates on social media sites such as facebook and twitter.
“People have put Coats of Arms on their watering cans”
End Quote Peter Hunt BBC Royal correspondent
This will be the first royal wedding with its own twitter hashtag: #rw2011.
Members of the public have been invited to send their good wishes in the form of a video message to be shown in an online digital wedding book.
150,000 copies of the official souvenir programme booklet will go on sale on the day of the wedding.
The booklet will be handed out along the processional route by a team of military cadets and Explorer Scouts.
The cost will be £2, with proceeds to go to the Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry.
But it will also be available to download for free the day before the wedding from the official Royal Wedding website.
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Royal refuseniksAvoiding the royal nuptials at all costs
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